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In eukaryotic cells, non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are extensively distributed, genetically conserved, and broadly categorised according to their sequence length, structure, genomic placement, and biological functions. Exons or introns of protein-coding genes give rise to intragenic ncRNAs, which have a variety of biological activities. A protein-coding gene's gene expression can be controlled by microRNA (miRNA) by altering messenger RNA in an intronic region known as a mirtron (mRNA). Splicing of a transcript from a protein-coding gene results in the formation of circular RNA (circRNA). Numerous circRNAs have been shown to increase with age in the neural system of Drosophila species by genome-wide research. The intronic regions of host genes, which are protein-coding genes, include ncRNAs.

The intronic ncRNA genes are also expressed concurrently with the host genes. Pre-mRNA is produced by a host gene, and pre-mRNA is then spliced to produce mature mRNA as well as intronic ncRNA. A protein-coding gene that is not the host gene of a mirtron can have its gene expression controlled. But certain mirtrons have the ability to control the host genes. As a result, intronic ncRNAs may be able to control host gene expression in a posttranscriptional manner. Intronic ncRNA can be regulated by both independent and dependent transcriptional mechanisms. While some intronic ncRNA genes have distinct expression regulatory elements, others share transcriptional regulatory regions with their host genes. The genomic characteristics of intronic ncRNA genes and their host genes were previously published. More than 10% of the protein-coding genes in humans were found to be host genes, according to this investigation.

Orthologs of mouse host genes are thought to make up 20% of human host genes. Furthermore, if the intronic ncRNA sequences are conserved, human host genes are more likely to be orthologous with mouse host genes. We also examined how host genes work biologically. The findings indicated a connection between host genes and some particular biological processes. Host gene transcriptome characteristics, however, have not yet been clarified. These characteristics are crucial for debating the transcriptional control of host genes and predicting their biological roles. In this work, the first step toward understanding host gene expression is the analysis of host gene expression levels and biological activities.