Extensive debate has taken place on how algae open-ocean marine aquaculture could be done to regenerate depleted fish populations by providing both habitat and a foundation for the nutrient pyramid of marine organisms. I came. It is proposed that natural algae ecosystems can be replicated in the open ocean by creating conditions for growth through underwater tubes that provide artificial buoyancy and substrates. Proponents and permaculture experts recognize that such an approach complies with the core principles of permaculture and thus constitutes marine permaculture. We envision using submerged platforms as substrates to recreate natural algal ecosystems that provide the basis for marine habitats and nutrient pyramids. Under permaculture principles, algae and fish can be harvested sustainably from marine permaculture systems, and the algae can also sequester atmospheric carbon if submerged to depths of less than one kilometer. . As of 2020, there are many successful trials in Hawaii, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Tasmania. The idea has received a great deal of attention, especially as a leading solution featured in Damon Gameau's documentary 2040 and the book Drawdown. In saltwater pond farming, fish are raised in ponds pumped with water from the sea. There is an advantage that nutrients contained in seawater can be used. This is a huge advantage over traditional fish farms where the feed is purchased by the farmers (expensive). Another benefit is that water purification plants can be planted in ponds to eliminate nitrogen build-up from faeces and other pollutants. Ponds can also be left unprotected from natural predators, providing another type of filtration. Marine farming is driven by new technologies, improved feed formulas, and a deeper understanding of the biology of farmed species. , has expanded rapidly over the past two decades due to improved water quality in closed aquaculture systems, increased demand for seafood, site expansion, and government interest. As a result, marine farming has been the subject of some controversy regarding its social and environmental impacts. Marine farming of finfish requires significant amounts of fishmeal and other protein-rich food sources. You might. Originally, an inefficient feeding system and poor digestibility of compound feed resulted in a lot of wasted fishmeal and a low feed conversion rate. Different methods of feeding farmed fish are used in cage farming. From simple manual feeding to sophisticated computer-controlled systems with automatic feeders combined with in situ recording sensors that detect consumption rates. In coastal fish farms, over-feeding primarily leads to increased deposition of detritus on the seafloor, whereas in land-based hatcheries and fish farms, over-feeding is wasted and may be lost to surrounding watersheds and regional coasts. This effect is usually very localized and highly dependent on the settling velocity and flow rate and depth of the waste feed. One of the major concerns in marine aquaculture is the potential for disease and parasite transmission. Propagating stocks are often selectively bred to increase resistance to disease and parasites and to improve growth rate and product quality. As a result, genetic diversity within breeding stock decreases with each generation. That is, escape to wild populations can potentially reduce genetic diversity within wild populations. It can impair the performance of wild populations. Seafared-raised species can also harbor diseases and parasites that can be introduced into wild populations when escaping.